LOGAM PADUAN MAGNESIUM SEBAGAI IMPLAN BIODEGRADASI

Magnesium berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan implan sementara dikarenakan memiliki sifat biodegradasi. Makalah ini membahas tentang logam paduan sebagai implan yang terbiodegradasi. Sifat biodegradasi ini, lebih lanjut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk diaplikasikan sebagai bahan implan permanen yaitu dapat meniadakan pembedahan tahap lanjutan untuk mengeluarkan bahan implan dari bagian tubuh setelah fungsi jaringan tubuh yang digantikannya pulih. Selama berada di dalam tubuh, magnesium mengalami degradasi dan kelarutannya ini dapat diekskresikan ke luar tubuh melalui metabolisme tanpa membahayakan tubuh (biodegradasi). Akan tetapi, meskipun memiliki sifat biodegradasi dan bioresorbable, kecepatan korosi dari logam ini menjadi permasalahan sehingga menurunkan fungsi implan sendiri yaitu mengalami degradasi sebelum jaringan tubuh yang digantikan berfungsi sempurna. Kesimpulannya, penyempurnaan untuk mengurangi kecepatan korosi telah dilaksanakan untuk memperoleh kesesuaian antara kecepatan korosi magnesium dan pengembalian fungsi tulang. Beberapa perlakuan tersebut untuk mendapatkan degradasi yang sesuai dan pembentukan tulang diantaranya melalui perlakuan mekanik, pelapisan, pengaturan komposisi paduan, serta pertimbangan sifat toksisitas dengan jaringan sekitarnya

ROLE OF PALATAL RUGAE PATTERNS (RUGOSCOPY) IN FORENSIC FIELD: PERAN POLA RUGAE PALATAL (RUGOSKOPI) DALAM BIDANG FORENSIK

The development of forensic identification in dentistry is growing significantly to serve judicial system, there are teeth, lip prints, bite marks, dental arches, dental records, DNA, palatal rugae patterns, etc., which is called forensic odontology. Another forensics identification in dentistry is restoration material used in oral cavity. All of them are used in forensic identification for disaster victim identification, criminal and research. Differences of them are allowing fast and secure identification process, however, in some cases, these techniques can not always be applied which is necessary to apply different and less known techniques. This article reviews some of the useful palatal rugae patterns as forensic identification or rugoscopy by using gypsum dental cast. The palatine rugae is an interested forensic because of its typical pattern of orientation, number, position, and size which can be used to differ ethnicity or sex, and palatine rugae is permanent and unique to each person, so it can be used to assist the forensic odontologist in the identification of a person. In conclusion, palatine rugae is significant use in clinical and forensic purposes

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI FLUOR DAN pH PASTA GIGI TERHADAP PELEPASAN ION LOGAM DARI PERMUKAAN LOGAM PADUAN: EFFECT OF FLUORIDE CONCENTRATIONS AND pH OF TOOTH PASTE ON METAL IONS RELEASED FROM ALLOYS SURFACE

It was reported that fluoride in prophylactic agents can be detriment the oxide layers of CoCr and NiCr alloys used as dental restorations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride concentration and pH of some commercial toothpastes in Indonesia on the ions released from CoCr and NiCr alloys surface. 120 specimens of CoCr and NiCr alloys were used in this study (60 specimens for each alloy). All specimens were mounted in resin with one side opened. Each alloy divided into 4 groups, there were 15 specimens immersed into 3 kinds of each commercial tooth paste solution (ratio 1:3) and aquabides as control solution for 1, 6, and 13 days duration,. The metal ions released into tooth paste solutions and aquabides were analyzed by AAS tool. The result of study showed that metal ions released into 3 kinds of commercial toothpastes solutions and aquabides were nickel ions from NiCr alloy only, and it was significant (p<0,05) for each aging duration. Lower pH showed higher influence to ion release than fluoride concentrations, and CoCr alloy had a better passive layer than NiCr alloy

PROFILE OF ALLERGY HYPERPLASMA PATHOLOGIC ANTIBODY AND IMMUNOGENIC CHARACTERISTIC

The objective of this research was to determine the allergy hyperplasma pathologic antibody and to evaluate the immunogenic characteristics. Blood and serum were collected from human suffering rhinitis, skin, eye and asthma allergies. To obtain a cloned allergen plasma protein (protein allergen that had been induced with the serum from human with allergic rhinitis, skin, eye and asthma), the goat was used as an intermediate animal. Hematological analysis showed that the leukocyte cell such as neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil increase in allergic-suffered human. The blood smear test exhibited that the mastocyte cell was dominant which contributes to allergy activities in human body. The sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylimide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) assay detected protein allergens with molecular weight of 188 kDa (IgE) and 60-62 kDa (mastocyte cell). The reactivity assay using enzyme linked immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) revealed that cloned-allergens (whole hyperplasma allergen from goat isolates) express the best reactivity at various concentrations of IgE than the leukocyte cells. This research concluded that the clones of protein allergen have better immunogenic characteristic and those proteins can be recommended as the candidate of allergen to induce the humoral immunity on host and deliver specific product of anti-allergy such as milk

Characteristics and Antibacterial Properties of Film Membrane of Chitosan-Resveratrol for Wound Dressing

The research aimed to evaluate the film membrane of Nano Chitosan Resveratrol (NCHR) for biological, physicochemical, and antibacterial properties. Psychochemically, the functional groups of chitosan compounds were examined by FTIR, chemical compounds by GCMS, and the morphology of chitosan and chemical elements by SEM-EDS. Biologically, the characteristics of NCHR were examined by solubility, swelling, permeability, and biodegradation tests. Meanwhile, the antibacterial properties were examined for inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) ATCC 33277 by Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and growth assessment by spectrophotometry. Nano Chitosan (NCH) has appeared at 1033.85 cm-1 as a sharp peak indicating the P=O group and contains anti-toxicity compounds (Ethane, 1,1-diethoxy- (CAS) 1,1-Diethoxye) is 81.06% and antioxidant compounds Limonene is (1.28%). In addition, NCH has chemical elements, Oxygen Weight (69.4%), calcium (19.7%), magnesium (6.6%), and phosphorus (4.3%). NaCl 0.9%, PBS, and Aquades. In addition, it has an excellent index of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) in all solvents (R2³ 0.95). The NCHR membrane film is bacteriostatic (≤ 300 CFU/mL) with each value of Minimal Inhibition Concentration (MIC) >15 mm. The Nano chitosan contains antitoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial compounds with high oxygen elements. The film membrane of nano chitosan resveratrol can maintain the stability of changes in pH with a very high solubility index, swelling index, and WVTR index, as well as good biodegradation and antibacterial properties. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-012 Full Text: PD

Mucoadhesive Bletilla striata Polysaccharide-Based Artificial Tears to Relieve Symptoms and Inflammation in Rabbit with Dry Eyes Syndrome

Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface affecting many people all over the world. However, there have been many therapeutic advancements for the treatment of DES, substantial long-term treatment remains a challenge. Natural plant-based polysaccharides have gained much importance in the field of tissue engineering for their excellent biocompatibility and unique physical properties. In this study, polysaccharides from a Chinese ground orchid, Bletilla striata, were successfully extracted and incorporated into the artificial tears for DES treatment due to its anti-inflammatory and mucoadhesive properties. The examination for physical properties such as refractive index, pH, viscosity and osmolality of the Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) artificial tears fabricated in this study showed that it was in close association with that of the natural human tears. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and inflammatory gene expression tested in human corneal epithelium cells (HCECs) indicated that the low BSP concentrations (0.01–0.1% v/v) could effectively reduce inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL8) and ROS levels in HCECs, respectively. Longer retention of the BSP-formulated artificial tears on the ocular surface is due to the mucoadhesive nature of BSP allowing lasting lubrication. Additionally, a rabbit’s DES model was created to evaluate the effect of BSP for treating dry eye. Schirmer test results exhibited the effectiveness of 0.1% (v/v) BSP-containing artificial tears in enhancing the tear volume in DES rabbits. This work combines the effectiveness of artificial tears and anti-inflammatory herb extract (BSP) to moisturize ocular surface and to relieve the inflammatory condition in DES rabbit, which further shows great potential of BSP in treating ocular surface diseases like DES in clinics in the future

New design to remove leukocytes from platelet-rich plasma (PRP) based on cell dimension rather than density

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can stimulate the proliferation of stem cells and have a positive effect on tissue repair. Although many commercialized PRP preparation kits are already on the market, first-line clinical workers are still not satisfied with most of the PRP kits. The work of commercial PRP kits is based on the density of blood elements. However, the blood elements are very close in density which makes the separation challenging. Therefore, the mentioned commercialized kits are generally contaminated by leucocytes and erythrocyte. In this study, a home-designed PRP device was developed to use a separation membrane with adequate cut-off pore size of 5 μm, 3 μm and 2 μm for the groups of H5M, H3M, and H2M, respectively, to be placed in the middle of the centrifuge tube. The home-designed H2M showed a very promising results regardless of the final volume (1.82 ± 0.09 ml), platelet yield (8.39 ± 0.44%), Red Blood Cells (0%), White Blood Cells (0%), and Relative Concentration of Platelet Increment value (225.09%). Further, it showed a good result in cell viability and cytotoxicity and confirmed a good multilineage potentials. The concentration in PRP prepared by group H2M was relatively stable and far above average. All the fibrin fibers were linked together as bridging strands or strings and turned into an inter-connected porous structure for nutrients transportation and regenerative cell migration. We believe that the home-designed group H2M should have a great potential to develop into the final product to meet the requirements of first-line clinical workers

A Polysaccharide Isolated from the Herb Bletilla striata Combined with Methylcellulose to Form a Hydrogel via Self-Assembly as a Wound Dressing

The Bletilla striata Polysaccharide (BSP), a natural polysaccharide derived from the east Asian terrestrial orchid Bletilla striata, is an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant polysaccharide. Traditionally, it has been used to treat hemostasis and for wound healing. In this study, BSP was blended with methylcellulose (MC) and methylparaben (MP) to create a hydrogel through a self-assembly route as a wound dressing. The developed hydrogels were designed as M2Bx, M5Bx, and M8Bx. M stands for MC, and the number represents a percentage. Whereas the second letter of B stands for BSP, and x refers to the percentage variation of BSP: x = 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. All the developed MB hydrogels contained β-glucopyranosyl and α-mannopyranosyl, and rheology test had a tan δ value ≥ 0.5. The pore sizes of the hydrogels decreased by increasing the MC and BSP content, and they had better properties with respect to water loss and their swelling ratio. Evaluations in vitro and in vivo showed that all of the developed MB hydrogels have good cell viability and wound-healing properties. The M8B2 hydrogel group was found to be superior to the others from within the developed MB hydrogels. Therefore, we believe that the M8B2 hydrogel formulation has a high potential for development as a wound dressing